πρόσωπον

πρόσωπον
πρόσωπον
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: `face, countenance, mask, role, person' (Il.).
Other forms: ep. pl. also -πατα (cf. below).
Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. προσωπο-λήπτης m. `who respects persons, who is partial' with -ληπτέω, -ληψία (NT). Very often as 2. member, mostly late., e.g. μικρο-πρόσωπος `small-faced' (Arist.).
Derivatives: Dimin. προσωπ-ίδιον (Ar.), -εῖον (-ιον) n. `mask' (Thphr., LXX), the plantname -ιον, -ίς, -ιάς, -ῖτις (Dsc. a.o.; prob. after the form of the flower; Strömberg Pfl.namen 47), -οῦττα f. `face-shaped vessel', "face-urn" (Polem. Hist., Poll.).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [775] *h₃ekʷ- `see'
Etymology: Like μέτωπον `forehead' (s.v.) πρόσωπον is also prop. a hypostasis, i.e. from *προτι-ωπ-ον, prop. "what is opposite the eyes, the sight (of the partner)"; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 517 n. 1. Thus also e.g. Goth. and-augi n., also OE and-wlit-a m., OHG ant-lizz-i n. `face, Antlitz' (Goth. wlits `aspect, shape'). Slightly diff. Sommer Nominalkomp. 115 n.1 (with deviating interpretation of the prefix): `the part of the head, that lies over against the eyes, on the side of the eyes'. Through connection with ep. προτι-όσσομαι, προσ-όψομαι `look at', ὄπωπα etc. πρόσωπον could also be (re)interpreted as verbal noun (cf. Angesicht). -- With πρόσωπον agrees almost exactly Skt. prátīkam n. `face, appearance' from práti = πρότι and a zero grade form of the IE word for `see, look' (s. 2. ὄψ and ὄπωπα), *proti-h₃kʷ- (cf. on ὀπιπεύω); so πρόσωπον from an older formation elucidated after (ἐν)ὦπα etc. (Schwyzer 426 n. 4)? Quite uncertain Toch. A pratsak, B pratsāko `breast' (A ak, B ek `eye'). On the IE expressions for `face' s. Malten Die Sprache des menschlichen Antlitzes im frühen Griechentum (Berlin 1961) 1ff. -- The ep. plural προσώπ-ατα, -ασι can easily be explained as an enlargement favoured by the metre (Schwyzer 515 n. 3); the assumption of an old n(t)-stem (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 213 as alternative) is improbable. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 1, 170, also Mayrhofer s. prátīkam.
Page in Frisk: 2,602-603

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό). . 2010.

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  • πρόσωπον — face neut nom/voc/acc sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • Οὐδεὶς ἔπτυσεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ὡς μὴ τὸ πτύσμα πρὸς τὸ αὐτοῦ καταπεσεῖν πρόσωπον. — См. Вверх не плюй: себя побереги …   Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)

  • προσώπω — πρόσωπον face neut nom/voc/acc dual πρόσωπον face neut gen sg (doric aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσωπάτων — πρόσωπον face neut gen pl …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώπασι — πρόσωπον face neut dat pl (epic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώπασιν — πρόσωπον face neut dat pl (epic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώπατα — πρόσωπον face neut nom/voc/acc pl …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώποιν — πρόσωπον face neut gen/dat dual …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώποις — πρόσωπον face neut dat pl …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώποισι — πρόσωπον face neut dat pl (epic ionic aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • προσώποισιν — πρόσωπον face neut dat pl (epic ionic aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

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